Lexicography
Lexicological research and producing Dictionaries
Felix Rau University of Cologne
- Purpose of dictionaries
- Types of dictionaries
- Collecting data for dictionaries
- Structure of dictionaries
- Tools for producing dictionaries
Day 2
Collecting data
- How to collect data?
- What should be an entry in a dictionary?
- Which information belongs in a dictionary?
Ways to collect lexicographic data?
- texts
- interviews
- other dictionaries
- intuition (researcher, speaker)
- workshops/committees
Lexicological analysis
Meaning
Denotation vs. connotation
Example: “Champagne”
- Denotation: sparkling alcoholic beverage made from grapes
- Connotation: associated with celebration and festivities
Meaning
Homonymy vs. polysemy
Homonymy
vela
- candela
- tela grande
Polysemy
cresta
- carnosidad en la cabeza el gallo
- cima
- cresta de espuma
Collocations
| Collocation | Simple lexeme |
|---|---|
| prestar atención | fijarse |
| dar un abrazo | abrazar |
| tomar la medida | actuar |
Loanwords?
Macrostructure and microstructure
Macrostructure
- front matter
- back matter
- main matter
Front matter
Main matter / body
A list of entries.
Issues:
- Structure of the entries
- Order of entries. (print)
Microstructure
Structure of entries
Parts of an entry
- form: orthography, pronunciation, stress, hyphenation
- grammatical information: (part of speech, grammatical sub-categorisation, etc.)
- definitions (or translations)
- etymology
- examples
- usage information
- cross-references to other entries
- notes
- sub-entries for related words
Form
| Type | Example |
|---|---|
| orthographic | pronunciation |
| pronunciation | /pɹəˌnʌn.siˈeɪ.ʃən/ or prə-nŭn'-sē-ā′-shən |
| stress | pronunciˈation |
| syllabification | pro|nun|ci|a|tion |
| hyphenation | pro‧nun‧ci‧a‧tion |
What is the best morphological form for your language?
| Language | Form | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Spanish | escribir | infinitive |
| Latin | scrībō | 1.Pers.Sg.Ind.Pres. |
| English | write | stem(?) |
| Basque | ikusi | past participle |
| Sanskrit | kṛ | root |
Grammatical information
- part of speech
- subcategories
- usage
Definitions
- etymology
- examples
- usage information
- cross-references to other entries
- notes
- sub-entries for related words